- Making people happy
- Evolving spiritual beliefs
- How does trauma change personality?
- Defining verbal abuse
- Flow State for Swordsmen
- In the zone: autotelic/flow states for anxiety and depression
- Flying dragon in the heavens
- A conceptual framework for Complex Trauma
- 12 signs you might be suffering from C-PTSD
- Why is verbal abuse so harmful?
- What is CPTSD?
- Body image and verbal abuse
- How hungry is your ideal body?
- Finding your innate happiness
- A brutally honest diet post
- Feeling good amidst the pandemic
- Diet and exercise – the anxiety connection
- Did rethinking dinner help?
- The meaning of dinner
- Changing your body
- Why write?
- Diet in a time of Coronavirus
- Food as fuel
- What is the appeal of ice-cream?
- Food, fat, and finding inner peace
- Don’t try to lose weight
- More resistance to meditation
- Finding motivation
- Weight loss: Time to get serious
- Being overweight is hard work
- Weight loss: connecting the dots
- Exercise for pleasure and distraction
- Your thoughts create your reality, so…
- When failure is not a setback
- Just-a-taste strategy
- Finding the flow
- Addiction as self-medication
- When do you “need” to eat?
- What does it mean to be rich?
- Do you need to eat to feel better?
- What motivates your diet?
- Dieting: be strict or be honest?
- Escape by eating
- Eating is about context
- Hungry, tired, or just lacking stimulation?
- Fasting mindfully
- The power of refusing food
- Dealing with cravings
- Revisiting my approach to diet
- Abraham Hicks and Aristotle
- Count Your Blessings?
- Triggered by ignorance
- Expressing dominance
- Under the influence
- Who are you doing your best for?
- F***ing meditation!
- Anxious to please
- Living in the flow
- Am I religious?
- His God is a douchebag
- I’m choosing to feel good
- It’s a really nice day today
- The resistance is in me and you
- It’s a game…23!
- Bonus post: don’t forget relief!
- It’s a game…22!
- It’s a game…21!
- Freedom from desires
- It’s a game…20!
- It’s a game…19!
- It’s a game…18!
- It’s a game…17!
- It’s a game…16!
- What are desires?
- It’s a game…15!
- It’s a game…14!
- It’s a game…13!
- It’s a game…12!
- It’s a game…11!
- It’s a game…10!
- It’s a game…09!
- It’s a game…08!
- It’s a game…07!
- It’s a game…06!
- It’s a game…05!
- It’s a game…04!
- It’s a game…03!
- Hold that thought! A vibrational shift
- It’s a game…02!
- It’s a game…01!
- Practicing happiness 30
- Practicing happiness 29
- Practicing happiness 28
- Practicing happiness 27
- Practicing happiness 26
- Practicing happiness 25
- Self-inflicted spiritual damage
- Practicing happiness 24
- Practicing happiness 23
- Practicing happiness 22
- Practicing happiness 21
- The hidden cost of suppressing anger
- Feeling better: certainty at last
- Practicing happiness 20
- Practicing happiness 19
- Practicing happiness 18
- Practicing happiness 17
- Practicing happiness 16
- Practicing happiness 15
- Practicing happiness 14
- Practicing happiness 13
- Practicing happiness 12
- Practicing happiness 11
- Practicing happiness 10
- Practicing happiness 09
- Practicing happiness 08
- Practicing happiness 07
- Practicing happiness 06
- Unresolvable problems: the paradox of disorganised attachment
- Feeling better: the smallest possible improvement
- Practicing happiness 05
- Practicing happiness 04
- Practicing happiness 03
- Are you searching for coherence?
- Practicing happiness 02
- Practicing happiness day 01
- What is self-esteem?
- Course correction: negative emotion
- Accept where you are
- What are feelings anyway?
- Meta-beliefs: is the game of life worth playing?
- Your interpersonal self
- Pleasing others, denying ourselves
- Facing tough contrast
- Close the gap…but not too much
- Writing your life: handling contrast
- Feeling good is enlightenment
- Life is meant to be fun
- The Matrix 20 years later: a personal reflection
- Pushing against boredom
- Do others need to change?
- Inspiration, expectation, validation
- It’s not about answers
- Born in the wrong era?
- Inspiration, emergencies and ease
- Letting go 10: Insecurity
- Letting go 09: when spiritual struggle is an obstacle
- Letting go 08: making the emotional connection
- Climate children: encouraging idealism without fear and anger
- Letting go 07: inspiration only?
- Letting go 06: open to inspiration
- Letting go 05: What is reality, really?
- Letting go 04: Metaphysics? It’s the vibe!
- Letting go 03: problem-minded
- Seeking solace and fulfilment
- Criminalising cowardice: the ethics of school shootings
- Letting go day 02: detachment
- Manifestations just aren’t that important
- Letting go of ‘impossible’
- Letting go day 01
- Way of the Screaming Baby
- Thoughts, Feelings, and Manifestations part 2
- Francis de Sales: progress in perfection
- Going up a level
- Thoughts, feelings, and manifestations
- The suburbs don’t depress me…
- One final answer
- MCU Temperament Battle: Tony Stark vs Thanos
- Remember to let go
- Temperament Project 05: Why Does Temperament Matter?
- Making “ordinary” beautiful
- Instantly change your reality
- Your reality maps your inner world
- Temperament Project 04: Excitability and Duration of Impression
- From anxiety to eagerness
- From relief to appreciation
- Temperament Project 03: Heat and Moisture
- Take it for granted?
- Rumi: Be lost in the call
- Life without anxiety
- Temperament Project 02: the Four Temperaments at a Glance
- What I always wanted
- Why does letting go feel so good?
- Temperament Project 01: Getting Started
- What is more real?
- Going beyond answers
- Learning to meditate
- Letting go: hyper vigilance
- Love is not earned
- What if home were magic?
- In the receptive mode
- Seeing the best in others
- Remembering ease
- Accepting love without earning it
- The excitement of contrast
- Other people’s bad moods
- Awakening to your higher self
- Learning to complain
- Laozi: the only motion is returning
- Waking up happy
- Han Shan: the road to Cold Mountain
- God in all things
- I remember
- Inspired or desperate?
- Kabir: seen without sight
- Believe without seeing
- Trust is enough
- Against convention: rethinking choice and desire
- Letting go: going downstream
- Laozi: subtracting day by day
- Trust: change of heart
- You don’t “have to”!
- Israel Folau: seeing the good
- Letting go: tension
- Love yourself
- Laozi: the usefulness of what is not
- Feel good all over
- Glasses, and a smile
- Feel good all day 15
- You don’t have to do it on your own
- Hafiz: School of Truth
- Feel good all day 14
- Hafiz: I have learned so much
- What is allowing?
- I only deserve good things
- Inner citadel of the Self
- Hafiz: I know the way you can get
- Feel good all day 13
- Kabir: He Himself
- Feel good all day 12
- Feel good all day 11
- Inspired Feeling for INFP-Melancholics
- “Shouldn’t you be doing something?”
- Kabir: The Thirsty Fish
- Feel good all day 10
- Can everyday life be joyful?
- Is ‘Avengers’ America’s Iliad?
- Feel good all day 9
- Feel good all day 8
- I don’t feel depressed anymore
- The power of inspiration
- Feel good all day 7
- Being whole in power: feeling good in Chinese philosophy
- Feel good all day 6
- Feel good all day 5
- Aren’t we all a bunch of snowflakes?
- Writing as spiritual discipline
- Feel good all day 4
- Easing difficult conversations
- I want vitality
- Feel good all day 3
- Breaking all the rules
- Does your happiness seem far away?
- Feel good all day 2
- Tempting fate
- Divided minds
- Trains of thought
- Feel good all day 1
- Missing my happiness
- Believe that you have received it
- Happiness Day 30
- Happiness Day 29
- Happiness Day 28
- What is the vortex?
- Writing for fun, profit…and a desperate need for approval?
- Happiness Day 27
- Count Your Blessings Day 10
- The Batman article we deserve
- Happiness Day 26
- International Batman Day!?
- Count Your Blessings Day 9
- Happiness Day 25
- Count Your Blessings Day 8
- That art thou
- Happiness Day 24
- Temperament and introversion vs feeling good
- Count Your Blessings Day 7
- Happiness Day 23
- Count Your Blessings Day 6
- Happiness Day 22
- Doing the dishes…happily?
- Count Your Blessings Day 5
- Happiness Day 21
- INFP-Melancholics and the Excitement Question
- Happiness Day 20
- Count Your Blessings Day 4
- Count Your Blessings Day 3
- The feeling of freedom
- Happiness Day 19
- Happiness Day 18
- Count Your Blessings Day 2
- Happiness Day 17
- Count Your Blessings Day 1
- The garden within you
- Happiness Day 16
- Happiness Day 15
- Happiness Day 14
- Happiness Day 13
- Redirect your attention
- Is happiness challenging?
- Happiness Challenge Day 11
- Happiness Challenge Day 10
- Happiness Challenge Day 9
- Learning to let go: lessons from a 1yo baby
- Happiness Challenge Day 8
- Happiness Challenge Day 7
- Happiness Challenge Day 6
- The Way of abundance
- When I found God
- Happiness Challenge Day 5
- Killing the Buddha
- Happiness Challenge Day 4
- Happiness Challenge Day 3
- Happiness Challenge Day 2
- The Happiness Challenge
- Will comparative religion save the world?
- Turning disappointment into eagerness
- Allow yourself to feel good
- Dissatisfaction is a sign
- How does “positive thinking” actually work?
- To feel as good as possible
- Be the person you want to be
- Raising happy children
- Love, and the kingdom of God
- Writing from my couch
- Empty your cup
- Repentance for the disenchanted
- Is there ‘more’ to life than enjoying it?
- The promise of feeling good
- The things I learned on my spiritual quest
- Temperament theory: does 5 = 4+1?
- Stop doing that thing you keep doing
- Keeping up with alignment
- The Emotional Guidance Scale
- Are you living your purpose?
- The Thinking trap for INFPs (Melancholic-Phlegmatic)
- Choosing how we feel
- Everything is perfect as it is
- Revisiting ‘Awareness’ by Anthony De Mello
- Life is here to be enjoyed
- Rethinking a spiritual quest
- Thus spake Jordan Peterson
- Truth or happiness?
- When can I start enjoying life?
- Drafting a book on the four temperaments
- Rethinking detachment
- Introverted Sanguines and Extroverted Phlegmatics: the confusing middle-ground
- On reading omens part 2
- On reading omens
- In search of authentic self-expression
- Attuning to God’s presence
- Faith and heresy for Thinkers and Feelers
- Weight loss and happiness
- Why explaining myself makes my ankle hurt
- From “never enough” to “always more”
- Getting into alignment
- Feeling like a different person
- Action and Distraction
- Can you be too positive?
- The path of happiness
- A Spiritual Reality
- Pride and humility for melancholics
- How the internet is driving the fractionalisation of society
- The Lamp of the Body is the Eye
- What do you really want?
- Going with the flow
- God in our innermost being: Mundaka Upanishad
- Distilling the search for God
- The more I think, the less I feel
- Bad Cholerics in the Catholic hierarchy
- Retrospective on a spiritual journey
- Is it time to consider the lily?
- Parenting advice from a low-energy father
- What is introverted Thinking (Ti)?
- Why people can’t describe introverted Feeling
- How does Fi work (in an INFP/Melancholic)?
- The benefits of getting sick
- The importance of looking within
- Positive thinking for INFP/Melancholics
- Fixing a melancholic
- Choleric Villains: a Kung Fu Panda case study
- Stages of positive thinking
- Mindfulness for people who hate mindfulness
- How positive thinking works
- A diet for the mind
- Ghost in the Shell: what is it really about?
- Why you should watch Cobra Kai instead of The Last Jedi
- Learning to feel better
- Seriously, anxiety?
- What is reality, really?
- Practicing (un)Happiness
- Ghost in the Shell: what makes sci-fi immersive?
- Is it okay to be happy?
- How to unlearn conditional happiness
- “If you want to make God laugh…”
- Fear of getting it wrong
- Abiding insecurity
- Imagine you’re relaxing
- How to “positive”
- God, happiness, participation and transcendence
- Bespoke Artisanal Handcrafted English
- Sackcloth and ashes on Valentine’s Day
- Your world is a reflection
- The practice of love
- Turning J and P on their heads
- True self vs Ego
- Sin and Feeling
- Law of attraction vs principle of reflection
- A process for personal change
- Cosmic Christmas Symbolism
- Myers-Briggs functions vs temperamental factors
- Can you trust your feelings?
- The service-provider state
- MBTI and psychogenic illness
- God writes straight with crooked lines
- Are more guns the answer?
- Why INFP = Melancholic-Phlegmatic
- introverted Feeling
- I just don’t feel like it
- Zuckerberg: the world’s biggest dictator
- To Hell with an Aussie Halloween
- OCEAN follow-up: disorganised and disagreeable
- OCEANs of meaning for the INFP/Melancholic-Phlegmatic
- Follow your feelings?
- Weinstein, ‘rape culture’, and one-punch assaults
- Happiness and the motivation to change
- Addiction and pornography: rediscovering virtue in the internet age
- A note on interpreting old temperament material
- Medieval Latin rhymes about temperament
- Kant on the melancholic
- A brief history of temperament
- Not-love: the paradox of evil
- Melancholics and inhibited body language/facial expressions
- How much should we hate our enemies?
- Do you make your own luck? The Landlord’s sin of pride.
- Towards a spiritual psychology
- Melancholics and trauma
- Reflecting on love and neglect
- Emotional regulation and chronic pain
- Love and doubt: the central truth of existence
- The Weight-Loss Paradox: paperback re-release
- Vale Dr John Sarno
- How I overcame ankylosing spondylitis
- Want answers? Learn to ask the right questions
- Perfect love and complete joy
- Seven Deadly Landlord Sins
- Fiction versus non-fiction: which is easier?
- Consolations of a reflective landlord
- People who can eat whatever they want…and not put on weight.
- Why is losing weight so difficult?
- The Weight-Loss Paradox – Paperback now available!
- Promoting The Weight-Loss Paradox
- My first non-fiction ebook!
- Tripping over joy
- The knight of faith against the absurd
- Nondualism and working on yourself
- My next book, smoked pork, fan-mail and all-consuming inner turmoil
- Why are melancholics tired all the time?
- Autoimmune and Myopia – parallels
- Looking for answers to refine your search
- The eyes have it
- Miracle cures and short-sightedness
- Your beliefs do shape your experience
- The zone of silence: rediscovering non-fiction
- Temperament Tests
- Melancholic learning styles
- Ups and downs and spiritual experience
- Getting to the bottom of pride in practice
- The antidote to Pride
- The writing process: attack from all sides!
- Fake news, junk knowledge, and learning to reason again
- The meaning of life in fiction
- Writing with the power of panic
- To Create a World: another great review!
- Fat, non-fiction and the philosophy of losing weight
- TCAW: Corporal punishment for Goblins
- My first-ever ebook review!
- Are fantasy stories worth telling?
- Overcoming Low Elf-esteem
- To Create a World – and an ebook!
- Enlightenment and Depression
- Searching for Four Temperaments info?
- Revisiting the ideal diet
- Do you create your own reality?
- Ebooks aren’t books, don’t have covers
- Everyday heroism and the value of fiction
- Symbolism of posture
- When suffering is good for you
- On being special
- On knowing what you’re doing
- On not knowing who you are
- Saving our best advice for others
- All thoughts come from the same place
- There is a crack in everything
- Blessed are those who mourn
- On being conceited, arrogant, proud and vain.
- Glory to God in the Lowest
- Who practices?
- Unpacking Pride
- Two Birds on a Tree: different models of selflessness
- When you grapple with a problem
- Sickness and pride
- Karma: when the past catches up with you
- The self that doesn’t exist
- What can you learn from the common cold?
- Who is in control?
- Untying knots
- Regime-change in the USA
- Analogies of Selflessness: Siri and Live Classical Music
- How we vote: the four temperaments
- Faith and works and self-delusion
- Are you perfect?
- Brief thoughts on Lucifer
- Better to reign in hell?
- What is your experience?
- Pride and the delusion of self
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy vs spiritual event-horizon
- What is understanding?
- Acceptance: nothing changes, everything changes
- On Trump’s video leak
- The great denial
- Acceptance: spiritual and mundane
- Taking what is offered.
- Dieting retrospective
- The missing voices of Western chant
- The use of being useless
- Buddhism and Christianity: a brief convergence
- Form and Formlessness
- The ‘it never happened’ button
- Finding your inner Trump
- Are hate crimes motivated by hate?
- Election ’16
- Racism and homophobia
- Not your grandfather’s transgenderism
- Who owns the horror?
- Gorillas in our midst
- T comes right after LGB
- Paypal gay picnic threat: a symbolic masterpiece in disguise
- La Mian / Ramen noodles
- How do we know what is good?
- Just one look
- Is morality rational?
- Dharma and Natural Law
- Rethinking the Is-Ought problem
- I identify as underappreciated
- The history of the center of the world
- Intuition: a logical interlude
- Who’s afraid of the MBTI?
- Temperaments and the MBTI
- What are you trying to prove?
- Good Friday notes 2016
- Exercise your demons
- It’s the pride, stupid.
- Melancholic resentment
- Show and Tell
- Remind me not to get sick in Australia
- Discerning The Donald
- Fiction update – so, so tired.
- Fiction update: my writing timeline
- Learning to forget
- Fiction update
- Do you like being overweight?
- 2015: a musical retrospective
- Feast of Thomas Aquinas
- Quell the appetite
- Endless striving
- More dieting tips
- Dieting Tips
- A fifth temperament?
- Melancholic with Type A Personality
- Have yourself an avaricious Christmas
- Philosopher rejects Orthodoxy, Christianity, all religion
- The paradox of “you create your own reality”
- Rice wine tips
- Are you really a cynic?
- Celebrating the Trolley Problem
- We are all rich men now
- I don’t like “God”
- If thine eye offend thee…
- Beautiful writing
- Blue cheese, rice wine, beer, pickled vegetables and glorious shelving!
- Nice, Western, Consensus Buddhism
- Cynical and amoral: the dark side of the mindfulness fad
- Heideggerian Anti-Mosque Protest
- The burden of free speech
- Dtcwee’s working holiday
- Pope in sheep’s clothing
- Anxiety and the Melancholic: part three
- C. S. Lewis’s “No Right to Happiness”
- J’Accuse! Dissecting an accusatory comment
- Limitations of a lustful life
- Anxiety and the Melancholic: part two
- Anxiety and the Melancholic: part one
- A painful attitude
- A PhD in Philosophy: more useful than expected!
- ‘Overcoming’ Auto-immune disease
- Will robots take your job?
- Reversion in Buddhism?
- Buddhism, emptiness and pride
- Metaphysics, creativity, and the tyranny of conventions
- The myth of total war
- MBTI and the melancholic
- How to remember Hiroshima
- The Moral Fallout of Hiroshima
- Quid est Veritas?
- You think too much
- Beatitudes
- So Dominican…
- Saturn devours his children
- Self-will gets in the Way
- Brooding on breeding
- Cognitive dissonance and same-sex marriage
- Contemptus Mundi
- Twitter devours its children
- Low mood
- The paradox of fiction
- Is Bruce Jenner now a woman?
- How not to heresy
- Life without indulgent eating
- Execution style
- Wine time
- Desire and the Dao
- The melancholic posture
- The ‘I’ in ‘team’
- Dtcwee’s hobby is a temple
- Language games
- Supermarket monsters
- The real price of cheap food
- Has “natural” been de-natured?
- What’s work for you?
- Another bacon update
- The Chinese version of me doesn’t do kung fu
- The limits of non-fiction
- The conflicted storyteller
- Resurrecting old religions
- Trauma and the ingratiate melancholic
- Easter vigil notes
- Good Friday notes
- Imagine you’re a phleg
- Fun with melancholics
- The obligated melancholic
- How much for your happiness?
- The safeguard of virtue
- My passive self
- How to win an internet argument
- The rectification of names
- When is a war crime not a war crime?
- On the virtues of cherry-picking
- The lost vision of our ethical heritage
- Yoga ethics or empty posturing
- Uncommon voices
- Why Catholics can’t sing
- The power of smoke
- Associate Editor looks askance at frozen berries
- I am a great person
- What ISIS really wants
- Making a difference in the age of high-speed politics
- Bacon comparison
- Monks with guitars
- My Funny Valentine
- The true men of old
- Eugenics and the artifice of man
- Islam, terrorism, and the Westboro Baptists
- Islam and violence: how stupid are we really?
- Terrifying moral dilemmas
- Let’s not call it bacon
- 60 sqm homestead
- Bacon day nine
- Home-made butter
- A murderous blame game
- The rise and fall of religious music
- If only my music were popular…
- Home-made bacon
- Home-made soy sauce
- “We cannot all be Charlie Hebdo”
- The pride of life
- Blaming Charlie Hebdo
- Challenging Radical Islam
- Provocation is no defence for the Jihadi murderers
- Blame and provocation
- Learn to crush your dreams
- The ideal approach
- Auto-Immunity: stop hitting thyself?
- Home-made pasta sauce
- I’m fine; like ‘fine art’ fine.
- New You Resolution
- Home-made bread
- A suitably obscure definition of mysticism
- The merits of mysticism
- Home-made update
- Man Ready To Hate Pope Again This Christmas
- Dangerous Aussie Fauna
- Who moved my brain?
- Fresh home-made yogurt
- Comparative mysticism at Christmas
- This debauched medium
- Decisions and choices
- The gift of satire
- Home-made rice wine
- Australia’s complex multi-culture
- The uselessness of a martial art
- Creative dismay
- Give me the spurious ephedrine
- Funnelly enough
- Adelaide’s Wakefield Experiment
- Childhood 2.0 is a little buggy
- Adelaide Feng Shui
- What makes you happy?
- What do you live for?
- Freedom from desire
- Serving two masters
- Adelaide and the uncanny valley
- Your money, or your life?
- Adelaide Contingent
- How do you make a living?
- The modesty of water
- What it means to be free
- DadFit
- The Dao of Parenting
- Ba-Ba-Ba
- A man of many parts-time
- The end of employment and a new path
- The melancholic exercise compromise
- Imago Dei and the basis of human dignity
- Tiny-house movement
- The moral betrayal of corporate dysfunction
- The pitfalls of careerism
- Stress and the melancholic temperament
- The nature of wealth
- Other people’s minds
- Home-brewed beer
- “I’m confused. Does he have three houses or one?”
- The awe-full truth of human dignity
- Canaries in the coal-mine
- Tonti-Filippini’s intellectual quest undaunted by physical pain
- 354
- The Kid Handicap
- Mammon triumphs over the everyman, flaunts codpiece
- I can’t handle being useful
- Is it really satire though?
- Anywhere but there
- Home-roasted coffee
- Learning Chinese the eccentric way
- “In springtime the dragon is useless”
- A richer life on a lower income
- The vibe of ‘white genocide’
- You can’t spell conspiracist without…
- I’m moving to Finland, to be with my people
- Not inspiring enough
- ‘White’ identity in a multicultural world
- Discovering the New Age author within
- Self-defense as an ethical ideal
- Why learn a martial art?
- Stoic Papa
- Evolution and the Catholic Church
- Violence and the masculine ideal
- Critiquing masculinity
- Stuck in my head
- “Follow your blisters”
- Indulging in satire
- An intellectual journey: dodging the culture wars, thinking for myself
- Reason and reality – a talk
- Inefficiencies of the labour market
- The Pope on evolution
- Weekly dose of satire
- Doing what teacher says
- The ethics of management: hypocrisy
- Happiness ensues…
- Overcoming the mental boundary
- Coherence of character
- The ethics of management: honesty
- More to life
- The ethics of management
- Finding a balance
- Routine destruction of off-spec food
- How Google Works
- China’s Virtuous President
- The greatest gift of all
- Arguing on the internet
- What is the sound of one hand clapping?
- What does it take to be a writer?
- Why I’m not on Facebook
- The critical challenge of gender equality
- The unfolding logic of euthanasia
- iWant! iWant! iWant!
- ‘Success’ brings out the worst in us
- The superior man needs an income
- The Melancholic Emperor
- Thinking beyond gender equality etiquette
- If you won the lottery tomorrow…
- The unexamined iphone is not worth buying
- Style over substance
- Rise of the management class
- Joan Rivers and the price of victory
- What makes an endeavour shallow?
- The Disadvantages of Depth
- Sexpo and University Open Days
- A Scrupulous Writer
- Stifling Creativity
- Sickness and Eternity
- Lost in the Process
- Melancholic Facades and the Challenge of Sincerity
- Stoicism and the Dao
- The Natural Appeal of Stoicism
- Vale, Robin Williams, Hollywood’s melancholy funnyman
- Communicating Value
- There’s No Money in That
- Pigs and Fishes – Dealing with Intractable People
- The Power of Sincerity
- Pitfalls of the Melancholic
zacalstin
In springtime the dragon is useless
